Analysis of IoT-Based Smart Energy Consumption Management in University Campuses in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study:
Efficient energy management is a growing concern for university campuses, where high energy consumption results in elevated operational costs and environmental impacts. In Maiduguri LGA, Borno State, universities face challenges in monitoring and regulating energy usage due to outdated infrastructure and manual metering systems. The integration of IoT technology into energy management offers a promising solution by enabling real-time monitoring, data analytics, and automated control of energy systems. IoT-based smart energy management systems deploy sensors across various campus facilities to track consumption patterns, detect inefficiencies, and provide actionable insights for reducing energy waste (Ibrahim, 2023). By leveraging cloud computing and advanced data analytics, these systems can dynamically adjust energy distribution, optimize load balancing, and even integrate renewable energy sources, thereby reducing both costs and carbon footprints (Okafor, 2024). The deployment of such technology also supports preventive maintenance by alerting facility managers to irregular consumption patterns that may indicate equipment malfunctions. Furthermore, the ability to monitor energy usage in real time enables universities to adopt energy-saving measures tailored to specific buildings or departments, promoting sustainable practices campus-wide (Aminu, 2025). In addition to operational benefits, smart energy management contributes to academic research and the development of best practices in energy conservation. As global initiatives emphasize the importance of reducing environmental impacts, IoT-driven solutions serve as a model for efficient resource utilization in educational institutions. The application of these systems in Maiduguri LGA represents a critical step towards modernizing campus infrastructure, enhancing energy efficiency, and supporting long-term sustainability.
Statement of the problem:
University campuses in Maiduguri LGA struggle with inefficient energy consumption due to reliance on outdated manual monitoring systems and a lack of centralized control. These traditional methods fail to capture real-time energy usage data, resulting in unaddressed inefficiencies and unnecessary energy waste (Bello, 2023). The absence of automated monitoring not only drives up operational costs but also contributes to higher carbon emissions, undermining efforts to promote sustainable practices on campus. Moreover, the lack of integration between various energy-consuming systems complicates the task of identifying and addressing areas of excessive usage. Financial constraints and limited technical expertise further hinder the implementation of advanced energy management solutions. Without real-time data analytics, facility managers are unable to make informed decisions on load management and energy conservation, leading to periodic spikes in consumption that exacerbate energy costs. These issues underscore the urgent need for an IoT-based smart energy consumption management system that provides continuous monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated control mechanisms (Chukwuma, 2024). Implementing such a system would enable the early detection of anomalies, allow for targeted energy-saving interventions, and optimize overall energy distribution, thereby reducing operational expenses and contributing to environmental sustainability (Suleiman, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based system for real-time monitoring of energy consumption in university campuses.
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To evaluate the impact of the system on reducing energy waste and operational costs.
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To propose strategies for integrating IoT technologies with existing campus energy infrastructures.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based energy management system in capturing real-time energy usage data?
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What impact does real-time monitoring have on reducing energy consumption and costs?
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How can IoT technology be integrated with current energy systems to optimize energy distribution?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it investigates the potential of IoT-based solutions to revolutionize energy management in university campuses. The findings will provide valuable insights for campus administrators and policymakers, facilitating reduced energy waste, lower operational costs, and enhanced sustainability. The research promotes the adoption of smart energy practices that contribute to both economic and environmental benefits.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the analysis of IoT-based smart energy consumption management systems in university campuses in Maiduguri LGA, Borno State. It does not extend to other regions or alternative energy management solutions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange real-time data.
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Smart Energy Consumption Management: The use of sensor-based technology and data analytics to monitor and control energy usage.
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University Campuses: Educational institutions and their associated facilities where energy consumption is monitored.
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